A man who is guided by reason will have strength of character. He hates no one, is angry with no one, envies no one, is indignant with no one, scorns no one, and is not at all proud; he will avoid wha...
God made the world, but he also made it true that one plus one equals two. And just as he might have not made a world, so he might just as well have not made it true that one plus one equals two, or e...
A desire to do good for others and help them in their striving is generated by one's own living according to reason. The desire to do good generated in us by our living according to the guidance of re...
Descartes was not interested in probabilities. He wanted absolute certainty. He had to be sure that indubitable knowledge, immune from skeptical attack, was possible.
Religion as we know it, Spinoza argues in the work’s preface, is nothing more than organized superstition. Power-hungry ecclesiastics prey on the naïveté of citizens, taking advantage of their hopes a...
God could have made mountains without valleys. And God could have made it the case that a triangle has interior angles whose sum is more or less than 180 degrees,
While some of his clerical opponents suggested that his proofs for God’s existence are so obviously bad that they must have been designed by a devious atheist to in fact undermine the belief in God’s...
We know a good deal about the free person, including many things about what he believes and how he acts. His desires are directed by reason and his deeds informed by virtue.
İşini ciddiyetle, canlı ve gerçek bir çoşku ile ele al, yaşamının büyük bölümünü aklını ve ruhunu geliştirmeye ada. (Spinoza)
When Mersenne circulated the manuscript of the Meditations among various philosophers and theologians to gather objections, he included the English thinker Thomas Hobbes and the French materialist Pie...