William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, the acknowledged architect of the British victory in the French and Indian War, rose to condemn the decision to militarize the conflict. He recommended the withdrawal fr...
Though many historians have taken a compromise or split-the-different position over the ensuing years, the basic choice has remained constant, as historians have declared themselves Jeffersonian or Ha...
I would say readers can trust my work more than anyone else's.
Having now finished the work assigned me, Washington solemnly said, I retire from the great theatre of Action....I here offer my Commission, and take leave of all the enjoyments of public life. The ma...
God was not in the details for Jefferson; he was in the sky and stars.
For Madison, on the other hand, a Public Debt is a Public curse, and in a Representative Government greater than in any other.26
As far as his contemporaries were concerned, there was no question about his stature in American history. In the extravaganza of mourning that occurred in more than four hundred towns and hamlets thro...
Asked to explain the defeat, Adams put it succinctly: In general, our Generals were out generalled.) Washington
Antislavery idealists might prefer to live in some better world, which like all such places was too good to be true. The American nation in 1790, however, was a real world, laden with legacies like sl...
A lifelong disciple of Lord Chesterfield’s maxim that a gentleman was free to do anything he pleased as long as he did it with style.
First, the achievement of the revolutionary generation was a collective enterprise that succeeded because of the diversity of personalities and ideologies present in the mix. Their interactions and ju...
Creation: If I could not go to heaven but with a party, proclaimed Thomas Jefferson, I would not go there at all.1
They are, from this period, to be considered as Actors on a most conspicuous Theatre, which seems to be peculiarly designated by Providence for the display of human greatness and felicity.
There was in Madison’s critical assessment of the state governments a discernible antidemocratic ethos rooted in the conviction that political popularity generated a toxic chemistry of appeasement and...
The second is the military narrative of the battles on Long Island and Manhattan, where the British army and navy delivered a series of devastating defeats to an American army of amateurs, but missed...
The old adage applied: if God were in the details, Colonel Washington would have been there to greet him upon arrival.
He found himself in the ironic position of being the indispensable man in a political world that regarded all leaders as disposable.
His massive probity, combined with his persistent geniality, made him impossible to hate. He lacked Washington’s gravitas, Hamilton’s charisma, and Madison’s cerebral power, but he more than compensat...
The Adams presidency, in fact, might be the classic example of the historical truism that inherited circumstances define the parameters within which presidential leadership takes shape, that history s...
How the right hand became disabled would be a long story for the left to tell, he wrote to William Stephens Smith. It was by one of those follies from which good cannot come, but ill may.
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