The Westminster system understandably produces governments with more formal powers than in the United States. This greater degree of decisiveness can be seen clearly with respect to the budget process...
The United States tried to establish a modern, Weberian state during the Progressive Era and New Deal. It succeeded in many respects: the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control,...
THE RISE OF POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY What political accountability is; how the lateness of European state building was the source of subsequent liberty; what is wrong with Whig history and how politic...
Successful state building is dependent, therefore, on the prior existence of a sense of national identity that serves as a locus of loyalty to the state itself, rather than to the social groups underl...
Some 81 percent of all Prussian civil servants had been party members, half having joined before 1933.34 The American, British, and French occupation authorities sought to de-Nazify the German governm...
Social democracy, one of the dominant forces shaping Western European politics in the two generations following World War II, has been in retreat.
Social capital is a capability that arises from the prevalence of trust in a society or in certain parts of it. It can be embodied in the smallest and most basic social group, the family, as well as t...
Sequencing therefore matters enormously. Those countries in which democracy preceded modern state building have had much greater problems achieving high-quality governance than those that inherited mo...
Samuel Huntington identified the Tudor character of American politics.1 According to Huntington, the Englishmen who settled North America in the seventeenth century brought with them many of the polit...
On the other hand, countries that democratized early, before they established modern administrations, found themselves developing clientelistic public sectors.
Marxists basically like to think that the spirit of history or human consciousness made a terrible boob. The awakening message was intended for classes, but by some terrible postal error was delivered...
Finally, the desire for recognition ensures that politics will never be reducible to simple economic self-interest. Human beings make constant judgments about the intrinsic value, worth, or dignity of...
Chinese family businesses instinctively thought of ways of hiding income from the tax collector. The situation is quite different in Japan, where the family is weaker and individuals are pulled in dif...
Between rule of law and growth In the academic literature, the rule of law is sometimes considered a component of governance and sometimes considered a separate dimension of development (as I am doing...
يقول كارل ماركس :كان هيجل يعتقد أن العمل هو الجوهر الحقيقي للإنسان--- إن أي شخص قضى زمنا في السفر أو الإقامة خارج وطنه، لا يسعه إلا أن يلاحظ كيف تؤثر الحضارات و الثقافات القومية تأثيراً حاسماً في موقف...
ستواجه عملية الأخد بالديموقراطية هي أيضاً مستقبلا يشوبه الغموض، و مع كثرة الشعوب في عالمنا التي تعتتقد على المستوى النظري أنها تريد الرخاء الرأسمالي و الديموقراطية اليبيرالية فلن يكون من المتاح للجميع...
إن مشروع الانسان بعد أن حرر نفسه من قيود الفلسفات السابقة التي كانت تؤمن باحتمال وجود حقيقة مطلقة أصبح يتمثل في اعادة تقييم كافة القيم بدءا بالقيم المسيحية، و قد سعى عامدا إلى زعزعة الايمان بالمساواة...
نحن في حاجة إلى معيار يلم بالتاريخ كله حتى يمكننا الحكم على هديه على المجتمع الديموقراطي، و إلى مفهوم عن الانسان باعتباره انسانا يسمح لنا برؤية نقائصه الكامنة. و هذا هو السبب الذي دفعنا إلى أن ندرس ال...
حروب نابليون الدموية باستطاعة الفلاسفة أن يفسروها في ضوء الحركة العريضة للمدنية على أنها في نتائجها تخدم التقدم الإجتماعي لأنها تساعد على انتشار مفهوم الحكومة الجمهورية
Men had been everywhere and had seen everything, life’s greatest experience had ended with most of life still to be lived, to find common purpose in the quiet days of peace would be hard