The result in all these cities, from Berlin to Stalingrad, was the classic Soviet-era housing solution: mile upon mile of identical gray or brown cement blocks; cheap, poorly-constructed, with no dist...
The victory of conservatism and the profound transformation brought about over the course of the next three decades was thus far from inevitable: it took an intellectual revolution.
However, for Keynes it had become self-evident that the best defense against political extremism and economic collapse was an increased role for the state, including but not confined to countercyclica...
The welfare states of continental Europe—what the French call the Etat providence, or providential state—followed yet a third model. Here, the emphasis was primarily on protecting the employed citizen...
Keynes knew perfectly well that fascist economic policy could never have succeeded in the long-run without war, occupation and exploitation.
Thus the incidence of mental illness correlates closely to income in the US and the UK,
Under Khrushchev, Stalin-era laws restricting job mobility were abandoned, the official workday was shortened, minimum wages were established and a system of maternity leave introduced, along with a n...
Keynes died in 1946, exhausted by his wartime labors. But he had long since demonstrated that neither capitalism nor liberalism would survive very long without one another.
We face today two practical dilemmas. The first can be succinctly described as the return of the ‘social question’.
Decline, fear of strangers and an unfamiliar world—is corroding the trust and interdependence on which civil societies rest.
Nothing, of course, is ever quite as good as we remember. The social democratic consensus and the welfare institutions of the postwar decades coincided with some of the worst town planning and public...
Stejně jako mnoho dalších přeživších se v této době cítili bezpečněji v poraženém Německu než v osvobozených zemích na východě.
In September 1944 there were 7,487,000 foreigners in Germany, most of them there against their will, and they constituted 21 percent of the country’s labour force.
Re-surfaced.
A democracy of permanent consensus will not long remain a democracy.
One striking consequence of the disintegration of the public sector has been an increased difficulty in comprehending what we have in common with others.
Open societies will once again be urged to close in upon themselves, sacrificing freedom for ‘security’.
Had brought Stalin credibility and influence, in the counsels of governments and on the streets.
We should by now have learned that politics remains national, even if economics does not: the history of the 20th century offers copious evidence that even in healthy democracies, bad political choice...
What is the measurable cost of depriving isolated citizens of access to metropolitan resources? How much are we willing to pay for a good society?
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