The second category in our litmus test is the denial of the legitimacy of one’s opponents. Authoritarian politicians cast their rivals as criminal, subversive, unpatriotic, or a threat to national security or the existing way of life. Trump met this criterion, as well. For one, he had been a birther, challenging the legitimacy of Barack Obama’s presidency by suggesting that he was born in Kenya and that he was a Muslim, which many of his supporters equated with being un-American. During the 2016 campaign, Trump denied Hillary Clinton’s legitimacy as a rival by branding her a criminal and declaring repeatedly that she has to go to jail. At campaign rallies he applauded supporters who chanted Lock her up!