Finally, the desire for recognition ensures that politics will never be reducible to simple economic self-interest. Human beings make constant judgments about the intrinsic value, worth, or dignity of...
Fin de siècle Vienna was a melting pot that had produced Gustav Mahler, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and Sigmund Freud. But when the empire’s narrower national identities—Serbs, Bulgarians, Czechs, and Aust...
Eşit oranda tanınma talebinin işaret ettiği nokta, bir insanın rastlantısal ve olumsal bütün özellikleri ayıklandığında, belirli bir saygıyı hak eden insani bir öz niteliğin- buna X faktörü diyelim- k...
Democracy in the developed world became secure and stable as industrialization produced middle-class societies, that is, societies in which a significant majority of the population thought of themselv...
By taking on political correctness so frontally, Trump has played a critical role in moving the focus of identity politics from the left, where it was born, to the right, where it is now taking root....
At the time of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, only white males with property had full political rights; the circle of rights bearers gradually expanded to include white men without...
A middle-class voter could equally well take a proffered government job, or be persuaded that his or her family’s long-term interests are better served by a system that recruits the best possible peop...
A lot of historical writing has been characterized as ODTAA—one damn thing after another—without an effort to extract general rules or causal theories that can be applied in other circumstances.
نحن في حاجة إلى معيار يلم بالتاريخ كله حتى يمكننا الحكم على هديه على المجتمع الديموقراطي، و إلى مفهوم عن الانسان باعتباره انسانا يسمح لنا برؤية نقائصه الكامنة. و هذا هو السبب الذي دفعنا إلى أن ندرس ال...
التدمير الإنتحاري الذي تسبب فيه النظام الاوروبي للدولة خلال حربين عالميتين هدم فكرة تفوق العقلانية الغربية، في حين أضحى من الصعب التمييز بين المتمدن و الهمجي –و هو تمييز كان غريزيا لدى الاوروبيين في ا...
When used as an instrument of enforcement, the courts have morphed from constraints on government to mechanisms by which the scope of government has enormously expanded.
The therapeutic turn in the popular culture of advanced liberal democracies such as the United States was inevitably reflected in its politics, and in an evolving understanding of the role of the stat...
The shift in agendas of both left and right toward the protection of ever narrower group identities ultimately threatens the possibility of communication and collective action.
The resulting Rechtsstaat has been described as a liberal autocracy. It provided strong protections of the rights of its citizens in an impersonal manner, even though these citizens did not have the p...
The relatively high status of women in Western Europe was an accidental by-product of the church’s self-interest. The church made it difficult for a widow to remarry within the family group and thereb...
The problem, however, was not with the idea of national identity itself; the problem was the narrow, ethnically based, intolerant, aggressive, and deeply illiberal form that national identity took.
The politics of recognition and dignity had reached a fork by the early nineteenth century. One fork led to the universal recognition of individual rights, and thence to liberal societies that sought...
The parallels between contemporary Russia and the society that emerged in the hundred years following the death of Peter the Great are striking. Despite modern Russia’s formal constitution and written...
The opinion that the survival of Islam itself depended on the use of military slavery was shared by the great Arab historian and philosopher Ibn Khaldun, who lived in North Africa in the fourteenth ce...
The most modern contemporary bureaucracies were those established by authoritarian states in their pursuit of national security.