Mental models and rules are intimately intertwined, since the models often suggest clear rules for societies to follow. Religions are more than theories; they are prescriptive moral codes that seek to...
Many people today inside and outside the region are aware that many regimes, particularly in the Arab world, are cruel dictatorships unconstrained by any sense of higher law or justice.6 Westerners of...
Liberal democracy is built around the rights given to individuals who are equal in their freedom, that is, who have an equal degree of choice and agency in determining their collective political lives...
Latin America has been characterized by a birth defect of inequality from which it has not yet recovered.
Europe’s exhausted elites were ready to concede both liberal democracy and redistributive welfare states to ensure social peace.
Dual citizenship has become increasingly widespread today as migration levels have increased. For many people who travel or have family in different countries, having multiple passports is a great con...
He was said to have liquidated countless affluent households, particularly in the Yangtze delta, where he believed he faced particularly strong opposition.5 The
I want that Tesla not because I care so much about global warming, but because it is trendy and expensive, and my neighbor is still driving a BMW.
In all postconflict reconstruction, the ultimate goal is to create a minimally capable state in four key areas: (1) security; (2) governance and participation; (3) social and economic well-being; and...
In my view, Greek distrust is rooted in politics, particularly in the absence of a strong, impartial state, but over the years it has perpetuated itself as a cultural habit. Distrust has been pervasiv...
Between state building and economic growth Having a state is a basic precondition for intensive economic growth. The economist Paul Collier has demonstrated the converse of this proposition, namely, t...
Joseph Stalin was said to have contemptuously asked, How many divisions has the pope?
Left-wing populism made a strong showing primarily in parts of Latin America in the 1990s and 2000s, with the rise of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Brazil, and the Kirchners i...
إن أولئك الذين درسوا تكرار قيام و سقوط دول كبيرة معينة في الماضي، و قارنوها بقيام و سقوط الدول الكبيرة في التاريخ المعاصر، ليسوا مخطئين في إشارتهم لأوجه التشابه، غير أن تكرار ظهور أنماط تاريخية معينة...
Religion was instead seen as a form of idolatry or false consciousness; recognition was due rather to the expressive inner self that might at times even want to transgress religious rules.
Slavery and serfdom, while not unknown in tribal societies, expand enormously under the aegis of states.
Should we then regret the fact that Latin America has not seen more violence over the past two centuries, either in the form of massive interstate wars or social revolutions? It goes without saying th...
Christian freedom was an inner condition of the spirit, and not an external condition of the body.
Thus Luther is responsible for the notion, central to questions of identity, that the inner self is deep and possesses many layers that can be exposed only through private introspection.
The fact that La Follette had to use machine tactics to beat the machine suggests that machines themselves are in some way intrinsic to politics—that is, all political leaders must assemble coalitions...
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