As some observers pointed out at the time, the stability of modern Western Europe was built on ethnic cleansings that had taken place in earlier historical periods, which modern Europeans had convenie...
لإندثار المفاجئ للديناصورات لا يزعزع من صحة النظرية البيولوجية الخاصة بالتطور
Whether he was conscious of it or not, Deng was restoring much of the institutional legacy of traditional Chinese government. Only this time, it was the Communist Party that played the role of the emp...
The concern over the origin of institutions dovetailed with a second preoccupation, which was the real-world problems of weak and failed states.
Russia prior to the Bolshevik Revolution had developed a strongly centralized state, in which executive power was only weakly constrained by either rule of law or accountable legislatures. The nature...
Over the next three years, Pinchot turned the Division of Forestry into a Bureau of Forestry with a much larger budget and staff. Many of his closest associates in government had been fellow students...
Nonetheless, the lower intensity of interstate war in Latin America did lead to some familiar outcomes. There was much less competitive pressure to consolidate strong national bureaucracies along Fren...
Maximize the material, short-run advantage of the nuclear family; assume that all others will do likewise.
Liberal democracy and capitalism remain the essential, indeed the only, framework for the political and economic organization of modern societies. Rapid economic modernization is closing the gap betwe...
Europe’s exhausted elites were ready to concede both liberal democracy and redistributive welfare states to ensure social peace.
Between state building and economic growth Having a state is a basic precondition for intensive economic growth. The economist Paul Collier has demonstrated the converse of this proposition, namely, t...
خاتم البشر هو في جوهره عند نيتشه العبد الظافر، و هو يتفق تماما مع هيجل في قوله إن المسيحية هي أيديولوجيا العبيد، و أن الديموقراطية تمثل صورة مدنية للمسيحية. و ما مساواة الناس كافة أمام القانون إلا تحق...
When testifying before a senate committee investigating his behavior, he said, I got that patronage from the sheriff, the county clerk, the county treasurer, all the clerks of the different courts, th...
Thymos is the part of the soul that craves recognition of dignity; isothymia is the demand to be respected on an equal basis with other people; while megalothymia is the desire to be recognized as sup...
These cases illustrate the way institutional arrangements can become self-reinforcing: once the principle of electoral politics is established under a limited franchise, incumbent parties can attempt...
The type of identity politics increasingly practiced on both the left and the right is deeply problematic because it returns to understandings of identity based on fixed characteristics such as race,...
The problem with this understanding of autonomy is that shared values serve the important function of making social life possible.
The present historical account of the origins of political institutions needs to be seen in proper perspective. No one should expect that a contemporary developing country has to replicate all of the...
The left has focused less on broad economic equality and more on promoting the interests of a wide variety of groups perceived as being marginalized—blacks, immigrants, women, Hispanics, the LGBT comm...
The government’s perpetual failure to live up to debt obligations was an alternative to taxing these same elites directly, which the regime found much more difficult to do politically. It is a traditi...